Tree Diversity

What is tree diversity

The term tree diversity is used to describe when a variety of species is planted in a given area. Monoculture is a term used when only one species is planted in a given area. Most crops are planted in monocultures. 

Why does tree diversity matter

A diverse tree canopy can aid in strengthening forest resilience. A monoculture of trees or a semi-diverse canopy is susceptible to diseases which causes economic stressors, loss of carbon stores, lower water quality, and many other ecological services. Studies by the Smithsonian showcase how planting multiple species lowers the risk of planting failure. Meaning the more diverse you plant the higher the likelihood that the plantings will survive. 

Reforestation Experiment | Tree Diversity | Smithsonian & TNC

 Effects on pest and disease spread 

Widespread tree deaths can be enabled by a lack of diversity. Oak and Elm's, amongst other species, have a tendency to graft their roots to neighbors of the same species. A root graft is when trees connect their roots to be able to share nutrients and water. Diseases like Dutch Elm Disease and Oak Wilt can spread via root grafts. Pests and diseases can spread above ground more easily when there's multiple species within a given area to pursue. The removal, prevention, and treatment methods that can come from monocultures or semi-diverse plantings are costly. It is much more economical to plant diversely. 

 Wildlife support

For wildlife, trees are an important piece of survival. Trees provide food, shelter, nesting sites, and many other crucial support for animals. The more varied your forest is the more various the species of animals you will have. Some species need a specific plan species to survive; these types of wildlife are called specialists. Whereas others can utilize several plant species. Oak trees in the Midwest are used by more species than any other kind of trees. Oak trees support 30-40 bird species alone, as well as plenty of acorn-eating mammals. Oak loss could decimate populations at an alarming rate.